{"id":17107,"date":"2024-10-10T13:16:00","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T13:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/?p=17107"},"modified":"2026-01-21T07:34:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T07:34:38","slug":"what-are-dmarc-tags-dmarc-tags-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-are-dmarc-tags-dmarc-tags-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"What are DMARC Tags?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Email-based cybercrimes cost billions of dollars, ranging from <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/smallbiztrends.com\/cost-of-a-data-breach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">$50K per attack for small <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">businesses\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/retruster.com\/blog\/2019-phishing-and-email-fraud-statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$3.86M for mid-size\u00a0<\/a>businesses. Phishing emails is one of the common ways of attempting cyberattacks. Hackers use the <\/span>email domains of reputed companies to trick people into perceiving them as trusted entities. Imagine a malicious actor exploiting your domain and tarnishing your brand image for unethical activities!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fortunately, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-dmarc-overview\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an email authentication protocol used to prevent unwanted phishing and spoofing can help. EasyDMARC has proven its effectiveness by <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/phishing-statistics-easydmarc-report-january-june-2022\/#:~:text=During%20the%20first%20half%20of,in%20the%20number%20of%20attacks.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">blocking over 90 million phishing attacks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the first half of 2022.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Statistics like this make it essential to know what <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/glossary\/dmarc\/\">DMARC<\/a> is and the common <\/span><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> used. This blog will focus on the same.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>What is DMARC and How Does it Work?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before learning about <\/span><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <\/span><b>fo tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>p tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, let\u2019s see how it works to prevent email-based attacks in your business\u2019 name.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC\u00a0<span style=\"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">stands for Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance. It aligns with <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/convertkit-spf-and-dkim-configuration\/\">SPF and DKIM<\/a> (other\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/email-authentication-how-to-authenticate-your-email-with-dmarc-dkim-and-spf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">email authentication<\/a> protocols) and links the\u00a0<\/span>sender\u2019s email address and domain name using records published on the DNS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A legitimate email sometimes fails the SPF or <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/tools\/dkim-lookup\">DKIM test<\/a>. Despite this, mailbox providers allow it to enter if they appear to come from a credible and genuine source. This is because DMARC clarifies the action required in such situations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-18492\" src=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-5-1024x583.png\" alt=\"DMARC deployment \" width=\"1024\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-5-1024x583.png 1024w, https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-5-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-5-768x438.png 768w, https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/image-5.png 1269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC is a DNS TXT record that directs a recipient\u2019s server on dealing with emails from your domain. The server can \u2018Quarantine, \u2018Reject\u2019, or \u2018Allow\u2019 a message as per your <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-a-dmarc-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Where Do You Encounter DMARC Tags?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC tags are used in the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> DMARC record syntax<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A DMARC record is a TXT source record published in DNS. It has a list of DMARC tags, separated by a semi-colon to specify actions a receiving server should take if an email fails the DMARC authentication test.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has a specified Host\/Name; for example, _DMARC.easyDMARC.com is the Host\/Name for EasyDMARC. <\/span><b>DMARC tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> value has tags (like policy or version) and a corresponding value; For example, p=reject. These are paired to direct a recipient&#8217;s server on what actions to take.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>DMARC Tag Types and What They Do<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> specify aspects of DMARC implementations and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">not all of them are as important and as used as the others. They\u2019re divided into three categories.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Required: These tags are mandatory and you can\u2019t miss them at all. Every DMARC TXT record begins with the mandatory &#8216;v&#8217; or version tag and the corresponding value of &#8216;DMARC1&#8217;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional but recommended: It isn\u2019t necessary to add these tags, however they help generate a <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/understanding-dmarc-reports\/\">DMARC report<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional: You can skip these tags completely.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Functions of DMARC Tags<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are total 11 tags that can be applied to a DMARC policy. Of those 11, the &#8220;v&#8221; and &#8220;p&#8221; tags are mandatory, and the DMARC rua tag is optional but recommended for receiving the reports. Let\u2019s know what\u2019s the function of each tag.<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>DMARC Tag Name<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Type<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Function<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>v (version)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Required<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This DMARC tag tells the version being used. There\u2019s only one version as of now, so it\u2019s always v=DMARC1.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>p (policy)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Required<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The DMARC p tag addresses the DMARC policy mode. It directs the receiver to report, quarantine, or reject emails that fail authentication checks. Policy options are: 1) p=none 2) p=quarantine or 3) p=reject.\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>adkim<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It stands for DKIM alignment mode. Its value can be either Strict (s) or Relaxed (r).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In relaxed mode, the verification will pass if the verified DKIM record belongs to a domain d=example.com, and the message is sent from email@news.example.com.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the strict mode, the check will be passed only if the email comes from an address on the example.com domain. Subdomains won\u2019t pass validation.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>aspf<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>aspf DMARC tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stands for SPF alignment mode. Its value can be either Strict (s) or Relaxed (r). The default is Relaxed &#8220;r&#8221;.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>sp (subdomain policy)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>DMARC sp tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> specifies subdomain policy. The policy mode is configured for your main domain (p).\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>fo (failure reporting)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The default value of the <\/span><b>DMARC fo tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is 0. It caters to the failure reporting options the domain owners can select from.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The available options are:\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fo=0:\u00a0 a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/tools\/dmarc-failure-reports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC failure<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\/forensic report is sent to you if your email fails both SPF and DKIM alignment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fo=1:\u00a0 a DMARC failure\/forensic report is sent to you when your email fails either SPF or DKIM alignment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fo=d: a DKIM failure report is sent if the email\u2019s DKIM signature fails validation, regardless of the alignment<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">fo=s: an <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/spf-failure-troubleshooting\/\">SPF failure<\/a> report is sent if the email fails SPF evaluation, irrespective of the alignment.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>ruf (failure report RUI)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional but recommended<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>DMARC ruf tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tells the address where DMARC forensic ruf report is to be delivered. At present, most reporting organizations don\u2019t send forensic data. Specifying this tag implies that the owner requires recipient servers to send detailed reports on every message that fails <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/tools\/dmarc-lookup\">DMARC validation<\/a>.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>rua (aggregate report RUI)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional but recommended<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>DMARC rua tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> specifies the email address or web server to which reporting organizations must deliver their DMARC aggregate rua data. It\u2019s possible to specify mailto: links for sending reports by mail.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>rf (report format)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This DMARC tag\u2019s default value is \u2018afrf\u2019 and is used for noting the various formats for forensic reports.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>pct (percentage)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Its default value is \u2018100\u2019. This tag shows the percentage of emails to which the policy mode applies.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, &#8220;pct = 20&#8221; will filter 20% of emails.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>ri (report interval)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optional<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ri tag\u2019s default value is \u201886400\u2019. It specifies the time interval in seconds between two consecutive aggregate reports. The reports the domain owner by reporting organization.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>How To Set Up DMARC Record Using the Right Tags?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since DMARC helps prevent spamming and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/phishing-attacks-recognize-and-avoid-email-phishing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">phishing attacks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> attempted by exploiting your company\u2019s name, it\u2019s important to set up a DMARC record. Here\u2019s what you have to follow:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contact your DNS administrator to create a TXT record in DNS for your domain.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ensure you have an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/a-records-vs-aaaa-records\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A record, AAAA record<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or Mail Exchange (MX) record in the DNS.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generate your DMARC record using the following <\/span><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in syntax: v=DMARC1; p=none; fo=1; rua=mailto: enter your URI (Uniform Resource Identifier); ruf=enter your URI. Or use our <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/tools\/dmarc-record-generator\">DMARC record generator<\/a> below.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>GENERATOR WIDGET<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Add the record to your DNS and start the journey towards DMARC compliance. If you\u2019ve recently implemented DMARC protocol and are currently using p=none policy, we recommend that you monitor your domain activity for at least 30 days. After that, you can build the strategy that works best for <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-a-dmarc-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DMARC policy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> advancement.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>Summary<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/cyber-threat-actors-motivations-and-tactics-module-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Threat actors<\/a> use email domains of reputable organizations to send fraudulent messages for phishing and scamming. DMARC protects your domain using <\/span><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> directing recipient\u2019s server on how to treat legitimate and illegitimate emails from your domain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>DMARC tags<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2018v\u2019 and \u2018p\u2019 are mandatory, whereas \u2018adkim\u2019, \u2018aspf\u2019, \u2018sp\u2019, \u2018fo\u2019, \u2018rf\u2019, \u2018pct\u2019, and \u2018ri\u2019 are optional. <\/span><b>DMARC \u2018ruf\u2019 tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>DMARC \u2018rua\u2019<\/b> <b>tag<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are optional but recommended.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using the correct tags and knowing their functionality will help you get the most out of your DMARC journey.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>EasyDMARC Can Help!<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our DMARC Record Generator is a user friendly free tool that can be used without logging in. Set all the parameters and generate your DMARC record with proper syntax and tags in a few seconds.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Email-based cybercrimes cost billions of dollars, ranging from &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,285,203],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-dmarc","category-email-security"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are DMARC Tags? | EasyDMARC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DMARC tags specify actions a receiving server has to take if an email fails the DMARC test. 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