{"id":27877,"date":"2022-05-25T14:32:41","date_gmt":"2022-05-25T14:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/?p=27877"},"modified":"2025-05-08T21:27:43","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T21:27:43","slug":"what-is-a-zero-day-exploit-and-how-to-prevent-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-a-zero-day-exploit-and-how-to-prevent-it\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Zero-Day Exploit and How to Prevent it"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Did you know wealthy cybercriminals are using <\/span><b>zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> now more than ever? Experts believe the rise is linked to the exponential growth of the multibillion-dollar <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/ransomware-attacks-a-complete-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ransomware<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Zero-day exploits <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">are powerful and dangerous vulnerabilities often targeted by government-backed hackers for espionage purposes. But according to a 2021 report, financially driven (not politically motivated) cybercriminals made up one-third of all known zero-day hackers. That\u2019s a stark increase compared to previous years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s big money in <\/span><b>zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For instance, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2022\/04\/21\/1050747\/cybercriminals-zero-day-hacks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">US-based company sold a robust iPhone zero-day<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to the United Arab Emirates spies for a massive $1.3 million! Another firm has a standing offer of $2.5 million for an Android device <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But <\/span><b>what is a zero-day exploit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">exactly? Well, it\u2019s an advanced <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cyberattack<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> technique that can have devastating consequences. Read on to find out how it works, what it targets, and how to identify and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/how-to-prevent-ransomware-attacks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prevent such an attack<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What is a Zero-Day Exploit?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s start with the fundamentals. <\/span><b>What is a zero-day exploit vs. attack <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">vs. vulnerability?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>A<\/b> <b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a cyberattack technique that exploits unknown software or system vulnerabilities. Not even vendors or providers are aware of such vulnerabilities until an attack. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-virus-malware-and-how-does-it-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malware<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a common <\/span><b>zero-day exploit <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">used to target government agencies, technology-driven companies, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>A zero-day vulnerability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a missed software or system weakness discovered by hackers before the vendor or users know about it. As such, no security patch exists, no defense measures are in place, and threat actors can breach systems without mitigation or detection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b>A zero-day attack <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is defined as the use of a <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to breach a system, steal data, harm an organization, or achieve any other malicious goal by exploiting a <\/span><b>zero-day vulnerability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These attacks have a high success rate simply because there aren\u2019t any defenses<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>What is the Life Span of a Zero-Day Exploit?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can be broken down into seven stages \u2013 from creation to an attack:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Vulnerability inadvertently created:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Software vendors unknowingly release a program or application with vulnerable code.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Exploit identified: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hackers spot a vulnerability and devise ways to exploit it.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Vulnerability discovered by vendor: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The vendor discovers the weakness, but a security patch isn\u2019t available yet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Vulnerability disclosed: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Software providers or security researchers reveal the zero-day vulnerability to the public, thereby inadvertently informing opportunistic hackers.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Antivirus protection released: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts create antivirus signatures to counteract zero-day malware and avert further damage. However, hackers can still use the <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to breach systems in other ways.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Security patch released: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, software vendors released a patch to address the vulnerability. This can take anything from a few days to months.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Security patch implemented: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once a patch is released, it still takes time for organizations and individuals to update their systems and get the latest patches.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How Does a Zero-Day Exploit Work?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, <\/span><b>what is a zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s working procedure? Once malicious actors spot a zero-day vulnerability, they devise techniques to exploit it and breach a\u00a0 system.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hackers use <\/span><b>zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to execute damaging attacks in various ways. A newly discovered vulnerability can be successfully exploited via:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malicious email attachments<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drive-by downloads<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-virus-malware-and-how-does-it-work\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Virus or worm malware<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/ransomware-to-pay-or-not-to-pay\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ransomware<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Malware-embedded files and applications<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unsecured devices and hardware<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"><strong>What Unique Characteristics of Zero-Day Exploits Make Them So Dangerous?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Aero-day attacks are ideal for attackers that want to penetrate systems quickly and move fast. There are a few reasons why these exploits are dangerous:<\/p>\n<h3>Reason 1: Nobody (Except the Attacker) Knows About the Vulnerability<\/h3>\n<p>Well, this is quite straightforward. No program is free from issues, especially if the latest version is still new. Even the programmers that have worked on the software from day one may miss vulnerabilities that could cause zero-day exploits. Here is when patches come to action. Once the issue is found, it&#8217;s fixed. However, if malicious actors find it quicker, the system is most probably will be compromised.<\/p>\n<h3>Reason 2: Cybercriminals Tailor Zero-Day Exploits<\/h3>\n<p>Making the attack specific enough to the vulnerability makes it harder to counteract it. Most of the time, the victim&#8217;s side ends up conjuring solutions on the fly, as there&#8217;s no way they&#8217;ve ever seen a similar scenario.<\/p>\n<h3>Reason 3: No Defenses Exist, or No Protection is in Place<\/h3>\n<p>Naturally, if the programmers haven&#8217;t found the vulnerability, nobody has even thought of creating a defense mechanism against it. Managing the issue and its consequences starts with learning about it. Some learn about it the hard way.<\/p>\n<h3>Reason 4: People Click Everything!<\/h3>\n<p>It might be common sense to pass an email attachment through an antivirus or pay attention to the sender of an email or a web address before taking action on it, but most people just follow the directions on the page without any regard to where uncalculated clicks might take them. Sometimes, the place is where they let the hacker right into a system vulnerability.<\/p>\n<h2><b>Examples of Zero-Day Exploits<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2011, hackers gained access to the network of a security company named RSA through an Adobe Flash Player vulnerability. They sent emails to RSA employees containing corrupted Excel Spreadsheets. An embedded Flash file exploited the zero-day vulnerability, giving hackers remote control of users\u2019 computers.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cyber thieves stole sensitive information related to the company\u2019s SecurID two-factor authentication products and misused it to access crucial information of many users.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What Systems Do Zero-Day Exploits Target?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hackers take advantage of existing susceptibilities in all kinds of systems. They can strategize and tailor their attacks using different types of malware and attack vectors. That\u2019s why it\u2019s crucial to know <\/span><b>how to prevent a zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities found in:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Computer and device operating systems<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Web browsers<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Office applications and programs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open-source codes used by vendors<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watering holes such as online platforms or enterprise management software<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hardware such as game consoles, routers, and other network appliances<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internet of Things (IoT) devices like TVs, home appliances, and machinery<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How to Spot Zero-Day Attacks?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizations are responsible for safeguarding company data and client-related information. Regulators are getting more serious than ever about companies deploying proper data security measures.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2018, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.csoonline.com\/article\/567531\/the-biggest-data-breach-fines-penalties-and-settlements-so-far.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marriott Hotels was ordered to pay a $124 million<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fine, which was later reduced. The hefty consequences came after 339 million guest records were revealed globally due to weak security protocols.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, if you don\u2019t want to pay heavy penalties, train employees on <\/span><b>how to find zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Here are some common tell-tale signs:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Receiving unexpectedly heavy traffic from a client or a server<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unexpected traffic on a legitimate port<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Observing similar behavior on clients\u2019 networks despite patching<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How to Prevent Zero-Day Exploits?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting your business against IT threats is a top priority. Learn <\/span><b>how to prevent zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, starting with the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Deploy Preventative Security Measures<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to mitigate an attack is by adopting the right preventative measures. Start by maintaining a good firewall to monitor traffic and block unauthorized entry. A\u00a0 robust antivirus solution is also crucial<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It regularly scans the system to spot all kinds of malware. Keep your antivirus updated to avert <\/span><b>zero-day exploits<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Restrict User Access<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It isn\u2019t enough to know <\/span><b>what a zero-day exploit attack is.<\/b> You<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0must also consider user access. Use allowlisting methods only to let a limited number of people into your system, files, and network.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By controlling user access, you\u2019ll limit the damage done to the smallest number of systems. It\u2019s also easier and quicker to patch limited vulnerabilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Regularly Backup your Data<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Good data backups can protect you against long-term damages and ransomware. So, even if your data is stolen or encrypted, you can restore it instead of paying anything to hackers. Moreover, it\u2019ll bring peace of mind knowing you can\u2019t lose your data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Back up your data at least once a day using the 3-2-1 rule:\u00a0 Have three copies of data (one production data and 2 backup copies) on two different media with one offsite copy for disaster recovery.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Intrusion Protection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can\u2019t really know the method of <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in advance, but by using a network intrusion protection system (NIPS), you can monitor unusual activities like unexpected traffic. It works by monitoring and comparing day-to-day network patterns across networks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Final Thoughts<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>zero-day exploit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a cybercrime method where hackers exploit software or system vulnerabilities. The <\/span><b>unique characteristics of zero-day exploits makes them so dangerous <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">because cybercriminals are often the first to identify and exploit such vulnerabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A zero-day exploit attack has sevenstages, from when a vulnerability is introduced to successful patch deployment. Technology-driven businesses must train employees to read signs. These include unexpected traffic on clients\u2019 networks or seeing the same behavior even after patching.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Did you know wealthy cybercriminals are using zero-day &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32780,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,290,199],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27877","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-cyberattacks-cyberthreats","category-cybersecurity"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Zero-Day Exploit and How to Prevent it| EasyDMARC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hackers hit software vulnerabilities unknown to the public to steal data in zero-day exploits. 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