{"id":28037,"date":"2022-06-10T14:16:52","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T14:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/?p=28037"},"modified":"2023-08-10T12:35:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T12:35:19","slug":"what-is-an-sql-injection-sqli-and-how-to-prevent-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/what-is-an-sql-injection-sqli-and-how-to-prevent-it\/","title":{"rendered":"What is an SQL Injection (SQLi), and How to Prevent It?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cybersecurity has become one of the main concerns of this digital era. Every day we come across news of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ransomware<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">phishing<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, scamming, and other cybercrimes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s true that we can\u2019t change the mindsets of cyber criminals, but we can take preventive measures to avert different <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">types of cyberattacks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. So, here we\u2019ll discuss <\/span><b>SQL injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014a common <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">malware type<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read till the end to know <\/span><b>what an SQL injection is<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, its goals, impacts, types, and a real-life example. This blog also includes tips on <\/span><b>how to prevent SQL injections, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which is extremely useful for technology-driven businesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What is an SQL Injection (SQLi)?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, first things first: <\/span><b>What is an SQL injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL stands for Structured Query Language, a language designed to manipulate and manage data in a database. An<\/span><b> SQLI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> hacker injects malicious codes into existing SQL elements to trick systems into giving them access. Attackers deploy this technique to intercept data or locate admin credentials which helps them gain complete control over a system or network.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>How Do SQL Injection Attacks Work?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>SQL injection attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are performed through web pages or application input. Such input forms are usually seen in search boxes, form pages, or URL parameters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To attempt an <\/span><b>SQLI attack<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, threat actors find vulnerabilities in a system or network and inject malicious payloads that execute unintended actions, like granting access to data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s another trick in which they just have to provide their target page\u2019s URL to an automated tool, and the job is done.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Example of SQL Injection (SQLi)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2017, a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Russia-speaking threat actor,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rasputin, successfully gained access to systems of more than 60 universities and U.S. government agencies using SQL injection vulnerabilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was later found that he used to design his own tools to perform such attacks instead of using free tools. The information stolen was offered for sale in cybercrime black markets.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the Goals and Impact of an SQL Injection?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The goal of attempting an <\/span><b>injection attack with SQL<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is to gain unauthorized access to systems, crucial information, and data like passwords, credit card info, and personally identifiable information. This can consequently tarnish the image of a reputed organization and even lead to long-term data exploitation. In addition to this, hackers can:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Delete or modify content in the database<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Export source code files<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Write files on the database server<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, it\u2019s vital to train yourself and your employees on <\/span><b>how to prevent SQL injection attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to protect your company\u2019s data, customers, and reputation.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the Types of SQL Injection Attacks?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are five common ways that hackers inject malicious codes and gain control over a system or network. Let\u2019s discuss them briefly.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Union-Based SQL Injection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union-based <\/span><b>SQL injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> lets attackers obtain data by extending the results from an original query. It basically combines the result set of two or more queries of SELECT statements.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Blind SQL Injection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Blind <\/span><b>SQL injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> technique, cybercriminals query the database with true or false questions and determine answers based on responses. It\u2019s coupled with a time-based SQL injection attack as it also considers time while evaluating the responses received.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Boolean-Based SQL Injection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, hackers trick databases into thinking they\u2019ve elevated permissions or correct credentials. This method overwrites the conditions and logic of a query. It\u2019s sometimes paired with blind <\/span><b>SQL injection,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where the elimination technique extracts the required data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Error-Based SQL Injection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When bad actors exploit database errors from a webpage or application via unsanitized inputs, it\u2019s called the error-based <\/span><b>SQL injection <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">technique. It uses error messages to return query results, often revealing confidential data.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Time-Based SQL Injection<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This technique is used when malicious actors fail to retrieve information from a database server. So, they use operations that take a longer time to process. It\u2019s generally used when hackers have to know if any vulnerabilities in the targets\u2019 systems exist.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>How to Detect an SQL Injection?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SQL injections are challenging to detect, as they leave no traces like other malware. The only effective way to detect <\/span><b>SQLI attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is by using a vulnerability scanner to actively monitor your databases. It\u2019ll also tell you the level of risk and overall impact of such an assault on your website.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>How to Prevent SQL Injection Hacking?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It isn\u2019t easy to detect <\/span><b>SQLI attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but you can still practice some preventive measures to avert them. Firstly,\u00a0 avoid displaying database errors directly to users. Here are some more ways <\/span><b>to prevent SQL injection attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Train and Maintain Awareness<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regularly conduct training sessions for new and old employees, especially ones in the technical department. They should be aware of <\/span><b>SQL injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> risks and mitigation methods. You can start by creating <a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">small manuals<\/a> or pamphlets and include them in the welcome kit for new employees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Don\u2019t Trust User Inputs<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Treat all user inputs as untrusted, as they all introduce the risk of an attack. Also, maintain a practice of treating internal users the same way you handle public input. You can also perform allowlist validation to test any user input against a set of approved and defined inputs. Data that doesn\u2019t meet the assigned values is rejected, mitigating SQL injections.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Employ the Whitelisting Method<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deploy the whitelisting method instead of blocklisting. In whitelisting, only email addresses, IP addresses, domain names, and applications in a list are allowed, while all others are denied. So this will help in preventing<\/span> <b><i>sequel<\/i><\/b><b> injection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> attacks by barring unauthorized entities like external hackers.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Welcome New Technologies<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Old malware protection techniques can\u2019t protect your systems against <\/span><b>injection attacks with SQL<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The latest tools and software can deal with structured query language and vectors attacking it.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Use Verified Mechanisms Only<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avoid downloading free tools and software claiming protection against any sort of cyberattacks, including <\/span><b>SQLI attacks,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as they can be a trap set by hackers. Instead, use modern paid tools like a web application firewall that genuinely detect, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/easydmarc.com\/blog\/12-types-of-phishing-attacks-and-how-to-identify-them\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prevent, and remove malware.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><b>How to Remove an SQL Injection?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If an SQL injection attack hits your website, you can take the following steps to fix the issue.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Locate the Vulnerable Code<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Start by identifying where the vulnerability is located using a trusted automated tool such as jSQL, Havij, or SQLmap.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Remove Injected Content and Backdoors<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After knowing the location of vulnerable code, get rid of malicious injections and corrupted data. It\u2019s helpful to have a clean backup of your database to restore it in an uncompromised state.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Patch the Vulnerability<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s important to call an expert and get any vulnerabilities patched regularly. Otherwise, hackers can exploit them again to attempt <\/span><b>SQL injection attacks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Update your Data<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clean and update all your data to avert a re-attack. You should also change the passwords of all important accounts and folders right after an expert patches all vulnerabilities. Ensure no rogue admin or backdoors are present in your database.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Set up a WAF<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use a web application firewall or WAF to filter malicious requests. These help prevent zero-day attacks where a patch isn\u2019t yet available to address a vulnerability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Final Thoughts<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hackers inject malicious codes into existing SQL elements to enter a system, intercept data, or locate admin credentials. Use a vulnerability scanner to frequently monitor database activity. Remember, SQL injections show no physical traces until an attack. Also, it\u2019s better to use the whitelisting technique and patch any vulnerabilities regularly.\u00a0 Keep your data updated, secure, clean, and make consistent backups. Overall, implement the tips in this article to effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cybersecurity has become one of the main concerns &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,290,199],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-cyberattacks-cyberthreats","category-cybersecurity"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is an SQL Injection (SQLi) | EasyDMARC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hackers attempt SQL injection attacks through form pages, 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